
Citicoline (CDP-choline) - the body's own compound of cytidine and choline
- Citicoline, chemically cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine (CDP-choline for short), is a nucleotide that occurs naturally in the cells of the human body. It consists of the building blocks cytidine and choline, linked by a diphosphate bridge (molecular formula C14H26N4O11P2).
- In metabolism, citicoline is an intermediate of the so-called Kennedy pathway - the synthesis route cells use to form phosphatidylcholine, a main component of cell membranes. It is named after the biochemist Eugene P. Kennedy, who described CDP-choline in the 1950s.
- After intake, citicoline is split into choline and cytidine; in humans, blood levels of choline and above all uridine rise, as a pharmacokinetic study showed (Wurtman et al., 2000).
500 mg citicoline with ≥ 98% purity - study-based dosage
- Green Naturals Citicoline contains 500 mg CDP-choline in a single capsule per day - compared with many multi-ingredient products in which citicoline is only a minor component without a clearly stated daily amount.
- The citicoline raw material is specified by HPLC to a content of at least 98% and is additionally tested for heavy metals and microbiology - compared with many suppliers who give no information on the purity of their raw material.
- 500 mg citicoline per day was investigated in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled 12-week study with 100 healthy older adults (Nakazaki et al., 2021); the review by Grieb (2014) gives an overview of mechanisms and open research questions.
Transparency instead of advertising promises - authorised as a novel food
- There are currently no authorised health claims for citicoline according to EFSA - which is why we deliberately avoid promises of effects and give you verifiable facts instead.
- Citicoline has been authorised in the EU as a novel food since 2014 - for food supplements with up to 500 mg per day, not for children. Green Naturals Citicoline provides exactly this amount with 1 capsule.
- 60 vegan capsules per tin last for 60 days - a 2-month supply with 1 capsule daily.
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Best time to take
Take 1 capsule daily with sufficient liquid, for example in the morning with breakfast. Regular daily intake is more important than the time of day.
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Dosage and duration of use
Daily dose: 1 capsule (= 500 mg citicoline). In studies, citicoline was taken daily for 12 weeks. The pack with 60 capsules lasts for 60 days. Do not exceed the recommended daily dose. Not intended for consumption by children; pregnant and breastfeeding women should consult a doctor or pharmacist before use.
| Quality criterion | Green Naturals® | Other manufacturers |
|---|---|---|
| Raw material & purity | ✔ Citicoline (CDP-choline) with ≥ 98% purity (HPLC) | ✕ |
| Sensible dosage | ✔ 500 mg per daily dose - EU maximum for food supplements | ✕ |
| Research | ✔ 500 mg per day investigated in randomised human studies | ✕ |
| Laboratory testing | ✔ heavy metals & microbiology tested, batch documented | ✕ |
| Legal certainty | ✔ EU-authorised novel food, no unauthorised claims | ✕ |
| Formula & tolerability | ✔ vegan HPMC capsule | ✕ |
| Transparency & responsibility | ✔ clear notes on children, pregnancy & breastfeeding | ✕ |
| Practicality | ✔ 1 capsule daily, 60 capsules = 60 days | ✕ |
Our vision at Green Label® is to create products based on purity and transparency. Our approach is to source high-quality raw materials directly from leading producers worldwide to offer a product that is uncompromisingly committed to natural ingredients. Every capsule of our products carries the promise of purity, sustainability, and maximum effectiveness:
- Premium active ingredients as pure substances, directly from leading producers.
- Production and bottling under the highest pharmaceutical standards (GMP, ISO 22000:2018, HACCP).
- Maximum avoidance of all additives; only valuable natural substances are used.
- Vegan capsule shells, 100% free of PEG and other undesirable substances.
- Packaging in environmentally friendly, non-toxic materials for optimal aroma protection.
My name is Dr. Hari Sven Krishnan, founder of Heilpflanzenwohl GmbH and chief pharmacist.
Together with an experienced team of specialists, including Stephan Walz (pharmacist), Marie Schröder (nutritional scientist), and Dr. Christiane Gras (immunologist), we developed Green Naturals.
The result of intensive research with a clear goal: to offer you natural, highly effective products. At Heilpflanzenwohl, quality and purity come first, because we are convinced: "The best medicine comes from nature – we just need to learn how to use it correctly."
| Ingredients | 1 capsule / day | *NRV % |
|---|---|---|
| Citicoline | 500 mg | ** |
** no reference available
What is citicoline?
What is CDP-choline?
What is citicoline good for?
What is the difference between citicoline and choline?
Does citicoline have side effects?
Can you take citicoline during pregnancy?
Is citicoline suitable for children?
What is the dosage of the citicoline capsules?
When should you take citicoline?
Can the capsules be opened?
Is the product completely natural?
Is citicoline authorised in the EU?
Is citicoline available in pharmacies?
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Sources
- Nakazaki, E. et al. (2021). Citicoline and Memory Function in Healthy Older Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. The Journal of Nutrition, 151(8), 2153-2160. DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab119
- Wurtman, R.J. et al. (2000). Effect of oral CDP-choline on plasma choline and uridine levels in humans. Biochemical Pharmacology, 60(7), 989-992. DOI: 10.1016/S0006-2952(00)00436-6
- Grieb, P. (2014). Neuroprotective Properties of Citicoline: Facts, Doubts and Unresolved Issues. CNS Drugs, 28(3), 185-193. DOI: 10.1007/s40263-014-0144-8
- Commission Implementing Decision 2014/423/EU of 1 July 2014 authorising the placing on the market of citicoline as a novel food ingredient under Regulation (EC) No 258/97.
Remarks
- HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points) is a preventive system for ensuring food safety that identifies and assesses potential hazards in production and minimizes them through targeted control measures. The seal refers to the manufacturing process.
- This is how the grade is calculated: Grade calculation based on star ratings: 5.00 - 4.50 Very good, 4.49 - 3.50 Good, 3.49 - 2.50 Satisfactory, 2.49 - 1.50 Sufficient, 1.49 - 1.00 Poor. For the verification of ratings, no authenticity check of customer reviews is carried out. The ratings are combined from different sources, such as mail-order pharmacies and online marketplaces. Last updated: 19.10.26